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I welcome you very much hour in the
afternoon
the topic is sparkling the topic is
promising and also is a very
controversial topic as well that’s why
we do have two keynote speakers and then
a panel that we hope will start the
discussion that will follow in the next
two weeks and mountain may be years so
please look after us after the panel and
the session to continue to exchange your
ideas comments and so it is my great
pleasure to introduce the keynote
speaker today that will bring us the
viewpoint on mega constellation from one
of the main actor physics thank you for
your presence team tee news you will
hear in a moment he’s the senior vice
president global business and government
affairs of spacings and team leads the
policy regulatory and
business development efforts at special
spaces joining in 2005 as the company’s
first in-house counsel team defining the
space it’s legal and government affairs
function from the ground up helping to
take the company from Troop start-up to
one of the world’s most recognizable and
innovative technology thank you 20
minutes and then good evening thanks
very much for coming to hear this talk
today and invite me to the beautiful
city of Rome I’ve told Roberto that I
think police to come back any time he
likes this I thought what I do today is
talk a little bit about SpaceX in
general and focus at the beginning on
our mission our launch vehicles and then
the start link system and the reason I’m
going to talk about the launch vehicles
and reusability in particular is that
it’s integral in from our perspective
for any mega constellation to be
successful to have the ability to launch
can reuse launch vehicles in order to
control cost and control schedule and
genuinely carry off something of this
magnitude so if I have a technology here
we’ll start with mission SpaceX was
founded in 2002 to revolutionize space
technology the notion in 2002 was simply
this reduce the cost of access to space
and more broadly make humanity a human
make humans of a multiplanetary species
with these modest ambitions we have
moved forward and we have aim to do just
that
and we started off with a line of
rockets called the Falcon rocket and
this conversation after we talk about
sterling I’ll talk about our newest
rocket starship
but StarLink which has been making
constellation that SpaceX is working on
is indeed a function of our ability to
watch and reuse rockets but also to
rapidly develop new technologies such as
the starlings satellites so to give you
an overall sense of SpaceX let’s start
with the video
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staged little obstacles you
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how we’re trying to grow the new space
economy now new space is a term that we
actually don’t use or like to use as
much anymore and as much as our
company’s been around for about 17 years
now and and we’d like to think of
ourselves as integral to the fabric of
the space industry at this point so we
continue to push the ball down the field
and get a sense of it from that video as
to where we’re headed
we’ll be launching astronauts for the
first time in the first quarter of next
year and we’re working very hard on the
starship launch vehicle which I’ll give
you some insight into in a moment but
that vehicle fundamentally is meant for
moon missions and for Mars missions in
terms of our progress over the past
decade in particular I wanted to put up
this slide to give you a sense of where
we’ve come from in 2008 through 2019
and I wanted to project this in as much
as the startling constellation that
we’re working on is massively ambitious
project but it is part of our DNA at
SpaceX to do hard things and do them
rapidly and though we’ve had failures
along the way we’ve learned from those
failures and we continue to iterate and
improve in 2008 we had the first launch
of our successful launch of our Falcon
one launch vehicle but that came on the
heels of three failures and we learned
from those failures have moved on we
continue to pace and by 2015 we achieved
the first orbital rocket landing now
this notion of reusable rockets and
rockets coming back as first-stage
boosters in particular coming back
one that was thought to be a flight of
fancy many thought that it could not be
done and in fact we had a number of
failures along the way and attempting to
recover boosters but we stuck to it we
have now achieved boost your landings
and I’ll talk about the importance of
that in a moment but beyond rocket
Landy’s we’ve now started to refi
boosters on a regular basis there’s been
fairly widespread adoption of previously
flown rockets
in a way that has really changed the
economics of space travel and then we
moved on additive to our Falcon 9 launch
vehicle to fly the Falcon Heavy which is
the largest launch people to fly since
the Saturn 5 and then most recently in
March of 2019
we took our Falcon 9 launch vehicle with
a dragon spacecraft on top configured in
a way to hear human beings and we
brought it to the International Space
Station and successive returned at home
this is a precursor to two missions one
of them coming up in the very near term
we will take the rocket with a capsule
equipped for man carriage we will lift
it off and we will simulate a failure on
the Senate and we pulled the dragon
spacecraft off to safety once we move
through that mission we will be ready to
carry astronauts for the first time
in terms of our launch vehicles
themselves it’s the Falcon 9 the Falcon
Heavy in the middle name starship Falcon
heaviness arrived from Falcon 9 and
shares commonality of many part from
Falcon 9
Falcon 9 has now flown successfully 75
times we are within just a hair’s
breadth of matching the heritage of the
atmosphere by by many counts alone three
times and we have an increasing manifest
for that launch vehicle and then
starship as well will be used starship
is differentiated in as much as it has a
new manner of engine the Raptor engine
and unlike the Falcon Heavy Falcon 9
both the first stage and the second
stage are fully reusable and from our
perspective this is the holy grail of
space transportation if you’re able to
bring back the vehicle from space both
first and second stage we can truly
change the economics of launch just
think for a moment if you flew from New
York City to Rome and you threw away
your airplane at the end of every trip
you would not make that trip very often
or if you did it would be incredibly
expensive so we are trying to change
that dynamic but the reusability element
of this speaks to the large scale
constellation that we’re planning and as
much as with each reflate of a vehicle
we’re learning more about the vehicle
we’re increasing its reliability and
we’re also able to control our own
destiny and truth of the manner and
timing at launch but also the economics
of the launch themselves so this is a
grand enabler reusability for a mega
constellation so I think I spoke to this
if you get a sense there of the landing
of the vehicle we’ve now done this forty
eight times and we have reflow some 27
times and each one of these launch
vehicles
we have not yet tested that premise but
that is what the design cycle is against
SR StarLink we’re leveraging this
reusability technology over one side
plus the heritage and experience we have
rapidly developing complex systems for
NASA and others to put together a
constellation that means to provide high
speed low vacancy internet anywhere on
the planet and we are moving in a very
quick clip at core we have started to
launch this constellation we put up our
first satellites in 2018 to put up to
once we saw the technology was solid at
core we morph the satellites in such a
way to be able to stack as many as 60
satellites permission onto a falcon 9
upper stage we launched our first 60 of
these redesigned satellites earlier this
year and we had very good functionality
on them we went ahead and we launched
another 60 of the satellites just a few
weeks ago and we aim to launch another
trash ideally before the end of this
year that would put a set up we’re up
the underneath two satellites on orbit
which I believe makes us the largest
private constellation in existence at
that
so the key components of our sterling
technology itself try to break it up
into bite-sized pieces but at core there
are four key elements first of all as I
mentioned you have to have a complex
compact not complex but compact design
when we first started looking at the
Sterling system we were able to put only
a few satellites in a fairing at any one
time we changed the design in such a way
to put some 20:26 and satellite rather
interfering and in deemed that in order
to build a constellation of this
magnitude it would be able to truly
offer high speed global business local
service we really needed it to change
the design further to create a flat
system that would best stack within a
fairing and we derived this system where
these satellites almost look like
pancakes in the way that they’re stacked
and they point 60 at a time from the
Falcon 9 and it really–it let you grow
a constellation rapidly we have phased
array antennas and a electronically
several beams on each satellite and they
enable precision placement of spot beams
where we want them on the planet to the
receiving terminals that we will
distribute when we offer this service we
have Krypton ion process and onboard GPS
these Krypton ion thrusters are actually
the first time we understand that
Krypton is flown on spacecraft like this
these are critical in as much as they
allow us to face and satellites up for
more redeposit them but also bring back
satellites down from space when we mock
them as well this speaks to the idea of
maintaining a safe space environment and
importantly the satellites themselves
are fully deniable
so when they come back from orbit they
burn out completely on reentry and the
idea here is unlike almost any satellite
system in
they we plan to have a constant refresh
of the satellites that we are putting on
the satellite lifetime is five to seven
years but we expect the technology to
continue in to evolve in such a way that
we will actually want to bring Subway’s
out of their orbit and replace them with
new ones and increase the throughput in
to increase the efficiency and improve
the system we do have autonomous vision
of voice and we share all of our
information with the Department of
Defense and in fact we publish it widely
so that others who have constellations
on orbit or have any satellites on orbit
are indeed fully aware of what we’re
doing and working on such that there is
no collision in space I think it’s fair
to say that no one is more concerned
about safe space environment than SpaceX
and as much as our core business is
launching satellites for others in the
industry and providing services to and
from the International Space Station to
include carrying astronauts into orbit
and so a space environment that is free
of debris is paramount
from our perspective I’m going to show
you a quick video of our first launch of
the trench of 60 a very exciting day for
SpaceX as we start to build out our sin
Langley
I thought
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so at core we’re moving rapidly against
the 64 60 watch case we’re hoping to do
with them every few weeks and we’ll
build up this constellation rather a few
things to know I talked about the
propulsive capability sprint satellites
out of orbit
we have also dropped our constellation
altitude for the initial 1,400
satellites down to 550 kilometres such
that when we place our satellites in
orbit at a much lower altitude before
they face up to 550 if there is an issue
with the initial deployment we can bring
those satellites out of space rather
rapidly as they face up to 550 we’re
still at a place where if they were ever
a problem on orbit they may decay and
come out of orbit within one to five
years so the 550 is it has been an
important element of reviewing and I
should also note one other thing before
I talk about starship and that is when
we put up our first tranche of
satellites there was a reflectivity
issue that there was a brightness that
came from the deployment that was of
concerns
community and by virtue of that it was
above concern of us not only we’re
concerned about a safe space environment
we’re also concerned about reflectivity
and making sure that science is done our
company is a science focused company and
so what we’ve been doing is working
closely with the Astronomy community and
we started to experiment with darkening
the underside of the satellites in fact
you on the next launch that we have we
will have some experiments where some of
us up or at least one of the satellites
is is blackened on the bottom we will
continue to iterate on this until we
figure out the right approach and we
know absolutely and we have pledged to
do this make sure that the reflectivity
is she was addressed for the Astronomy
community so a separate indistinct from
from Starling but as part of its future
is the starship and I mentioned starship
in that it’s a very exciting launch
vehicle it will be the largest people
ever to have flown it is the vehicle
that we mean to carry human beings the
Moon and Mars and into low-earth orbit
as well potentially do point-to-point
transportation but the starship vehicle
will also greatly greatly enable
startling to continue to proliferate at
a cost-efficient
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so what you saw there is both present
and a projected feature the president’s
a star hopper of March vehicle out of
Texas that is lifting off and doing
lateral diverts we’ve been practicing
launch and landing with that launch date
format it is a precursor to this fully
reusable story that you saw the video of
that we’re projecting out to the right
that we aim to really transform the way
that human beings live and work in space
and will also enable Starling to
continue to proliferate at a
cost-effective regular cadence it is
from our perspective the only girl of
space transportation travel it will be
fully reusable book first and second
stage and it should be coming so I’m
told my time is up and I do appreciate
your time and attention
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Roeder overview with respect to mega
constellations so we understood if you
love something behind your company is
what we want so we have time for some
questions and then team will be around
so also doing the panel please
considering that you can ask a question
also to be so we have a question
very quickly after working on the
duration for the achievement that you
present the class today which is its
other customer you are in and what are
the areas where the service would be
mostly use accordingly it’s a great
question with respect to this
differently standard customer we’re
actually designing the system to go
direct to end user customer so it will
be direct to the consumer customer we
will have an enterprise element to the
business we will be able to do backhaul
as well and potentially maritime and
aviation so we’re looking at all those
markets but the system itself is
designed to go direct to end user and
the way that the system works
relatives and launches that we’re doing
is that we’re launching in certain bands
roughly 57 degrees at the initial thing
and so adds at about 12 launches will
have sufficient coverage over North
America most of Western Europe to go
operational and what I need to go
operational next
what item which has always been a tricky
is the procedure you see reason it’s a
costly element doctor exactly right the
terminal is a hugely critical elements
that closing the business independent of
the backhaul business you might do or
the aviation or maritime business so
they’re COO direct to end-users we need
to have a low-cost – books here that
functions beautifully with your system
we are working very hard on that
in-house we’ve made great progress and
we’re aiming to hold out with that next
year so nice another question I’m gonna
stop that
one more question question for you you
have a great policy for the disposal so
congratulations for keeping the space as
clean as you can but what about the size
of the metal constellation it is one of
the parameter many people are the number
of item you put in space even if you
have a great to dispose of face you are
putting a lot of object in space so do
you have a size of the constellation
that you think is it would compromise
between polluting the space bracket and
ending the service and Internet access
for everybody
exactly so I would say that the size of
the constellation is not the concern
it’s the controllability of the
constellation and the demise ability of
the constellation so we have very strict
controls on the constellation in the way
it operates not only in and of itself
but relative to other would-be
constellations that are out there and so
those controls rather than the sheer
number of satellites is is what the
concern should be the goal is rather an
important goal of course to be able to
connect to globe and provide unserved
and underserved folks with capability
that is in fact the target market for
what we’re working on the unserved and
underserved and in a world that’s
increasingly connected that is an
important goal and of course must be
balanced against space safety and the
protection of space assets thank you Tim
thank you very much.